What are the eight Articles of impeachment filed against U.S. Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth?

There is a major shift happening in Capitol Hill following the U.S. midterm elections, as Representative Thomas Massie supported by lawmakers, including Representative Ro Khanna, introduced eight Articles of impeachment against U.S. Secretary of Defence Pete Hegseth.The Articles cite violations of the 1973 War Powers Resolution, alongside misconduct involving civilian casualties and operations in Yemen and Venezuela.Mr. Hegseth, a former Fox News weekend host and one of President Donald Trump’s handpicked appointees in his second term as U.S. President, took charge of the Department of War despite lacking administrative experience commensurate with the post. Despite controversies surrounding his tenure, Mr. Trump has maintained his support and repeatedly dismissed suggestions of dismissing him.Here is the complete breakdown of the eight Articles of impeachment introduced in the formal House resolution.Article I: Waging War in Contravention of the War Powers Resolution of 1973 Section 2(c)Article 1 charges Mr. Hegseth with executing unlawful military orders by launching hostilities against Iran on February 28, 2026.The resolution states that the military strikes violated Section 2(c) of the 1973 War Powers Resolution because Congress had not declared war, provided statutory authorisation or faced any national emergency caused by an attack by the Islamic Republic of Iran against the U.S.Article II: Waging War in Contravention of the War Powers Resolution of 1973 Section 5(c)Article II focuses on Mr. Hegseth’s refusal to comply with Congress’s directive to withdraw U.S. forces from Iran. After both the House and Senate passed House Concurrent Resolution 86 (the first successful passage of such a legislative vehicle by both chambers of Congress in the history of the United States of America) to end unauthorised hostilities in June 2026, Mr. Hegseth allegedly directed the Department of Defence to ignore the resolution and continue with military strikes.Article III: Waging War in Contravention of the War Powers Resolution of 1973 Section 5(b)As per Section 5 (b) of the War Powers Resolution, authorised military action must terminate within 60 days (after a report is submitted or is required to be submitted to Congress). Article III alleges Mr. Hegseth continued conducting hostile military operations in Iran beyond the mandatory statutory deadlines of May 1 and June 1, 2026, without congressional extensions.Article IV: Ignoring Laws That Minimise Civilian CasualitiesThis Article accuses Mr. Hegseth of “cultivating a warmaking culture” and a “course of conduct that effected the systemic deterioration and removal of Department of Defence infrastructure that Congress had mandated by law to limit collateral damage to civilians and non-military objects during military operations”, among other allegations.It specifically highlights the February 28, 2026, cruise missile strike on the Shajareh Tayyebeh Elementary School in Iran, which killed and wounded over 200 civilians, mostly children.Article V: Extrajudicial KillingsArticle V targets a strike campaign against suspected narcotics smuggling vessels in international waters (in the Caribbean Sea and Eastern Pacific Ocean) that resulted in at least 221 deaths across 63 attack events.It charges Mr. Hegseth with using lethal military force instead of standard maritime law enforcement framework (sections 102 and 522 of Title 14), lowering targeting standards, and ordering or permitting actions that denied quarter and failed to rescue shipwrecked survivors.It alleges that Secretary Hegseth “endangered United States law enforcement personnel by substituting lethal military targeting for the established maritime law-enforcement practices of interdiction, search, seizure, arrest, and prosecution”.Article VI: Suppressing Free SpeechThis Article alleges that Mr. Hegseth weaponised the Department of Defence to retaliate against Senator Mark Kelly (a retired United States Navy captain, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) astronaut who flew 39 combat missions during the First Gulf War), after Mr. Kelly publicly reminded service members of their right to refuse illegal orders.It accuses that Secretary Hegseth “retaliated against and sought to intimidate United States Senator Mark Kelly”, issued a Secretarial Letter of Censure, threatened court-martial recall and criminal prosecution and asserted in court filings that military authority supersedes judicial and legislative oversight over retired service members’ speech.Article VII: Kidnapping of a Sovereign Foreign LeaderThis article addresses the January 3, 2026, military operations in Caracas, Venezuela, involving over 200 special operations personnel and 150 aircrafts. It charges Mr. Hegseth of initiating an unconstitutional act of war, one that was committed without any constitutional or statutory authorisation. It also accuses him of forcibly capturing former Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro and his wife, an operation the articles assert was falsely framed as narcotics enforcement but executed to seize control of foreign oil reserves.It states that “he gambled the lives of Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps personnel in order to facilitate the illegal taking of national oil”.Article VIII: Unlawful War in YemenThe last Article of impeachment focuses on ‘Operation Rough Rider’, a 52-day campaign in Yemen with 1,100 strikes against targets that resulted in roughly 224 civilian deaths. In less than eight weeks, there were almost as many civilian deaths in Yemen as U.S. military actions had caused in that country during the preceding twenty-three years, according to the Resolution.Secretary Hegseth initiated and directed Operation Rough Rider without Congressional authority, himself acknowledging in some leaked conversations with other senior officials that no imminent threat existed to justify launching the operation.(With ANI inputs)