The underground architecture that has sustained Iran’s military capacity in the face of US-Israeli attacks

The conflict in the Gulf, now under a fragile two-week ceasefire after 42 days of intense fighting, is not just being shaped by missiles, bombs, and interception systems alone. It is also reshaping the battleground itself. This is starkly visible at Iran’s Qeshm Island. Beneath the island’s coastal settlements, desalination systems, and free trade infrastructure runs a buried military architecture that binds geology, logistics, and strategic force into a single terrain. Coincidentally (or not),...