Google Antigravity agents tackle 90-year-old math problem and rewrite software

Google has expanded its Antigravity multi-agent system, using teams of specialized agents powered by its Gemini models to tackle longstanding mathematical problems, verify complex proofs and optimize software systems. The company said its Teamwork framework has helped researchers formalize landmark mathematical results, identify molecular structures and develop faster software implementations. The work combines human expertise with multiple agents that independently explore solutions, test approaches and verify results using computational tools. Among the most notable results is the formalization of the Weil conjectures, a landmark set of mathematical results concerning the number of solutions to polynomial equations over finite fields. Google’s Teamwork-LEAP system produced approximately 1.8 million lines of Lean code across 28,800 subagent invocations to formalize the results, originally proved by mathematician Pierre Deligne in 1974. Google said the system also reproduced a formalization of a recent proof concerning finite-time blowup in the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations, a problem connected to one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems. The question of whether smooth solutions to these equations can develop singularities in finite time has remained open for about 90 years. Agents verify complex proofs The system also helped researchers address the Courtade–Kumar conjecture, an information theory problem first proposed in 2013. Researchers from Google and academic institutions used the framework to develop a proof in full generality, with Gemini models helping derive analytical bounds and generate computer-checkable certificates. The researchers formalized the proof in Lean 4, a programming language and proof assistant that lets a computer check mathematical arguments. Google’s approach relies on multiple agents working in parallel, with separate systems assigned to challenge and verify proposed solutions. This is intended to reduce errors that can emerge when a single model generates a long chain of reasoning. Each specialized agent receives only the files and tools required for its task. Independent critics and auditors then examine the results without relying on the original agent’s reasoning. Beyond mathematics, Google applied the approach to molecular chemistry. A team of 30 specialized agents working with a physics-informed simulator identified molecular structures from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data with 95% top-one accuracy and 100% top-three accuracy on complex benchmark molecules. Software gains from teamwork The framework also delivered results in systems engineering. Google said its agents rewrote the company’s libgav1 AV1 video decoder from C++ into approximately 170,000 lines of Rust code, achieving exact output parity across a broad testing suite. The initial rewrite ran about four times slower than the original implementation. After the agents were given access to profiling tools and tasked with improving performance, the Rust version became 20% to 30% faster than the original C++ implementation on both x86_64 and ARM processors. In another project, a two-week campaign rewrote the remaining C++ code in the Zircon microkernel into approximately 800,000 lines of memory-safe Rust, passing kernel unit tests and booting on ARM64 hardware. Google also reported improvements in its internal infrastructure. Its agentic scheduling workflow reduced TPU workload preemption by 24% on some hardware types while maintaining service-level objectives and cluster utilization. The company is making Teamwork and its iterative coding workflow, /boost, available through Antigravity. Google also opened applications for 10,000 academic researchers to receive six months of free access to its highest usage tier. The company said additional specialized workflows, including formal proof tools, will be made available in the future. Get the latest in engineering, tech, space & science - delivered daily to your inbox.With over a decade-long career in journalism, Neetika Walter has worked with The Economic Times, ANI, and Hindustan Times, covering politics, business, technology, and the clean energy sector. Passionate about contemporary culture, books, poetry, and storytelling, she brings depth and insight to her writing. When she isn’t chasing stories, she’s likely lost in a book or enjoying the company of her dogs.