Crises and institutions

MODERN states, whether democratic, semi-democratic or autocratic, have created multiple institutions to not only run day-to-day affairs of the state efficiently but to also respond to crises and multiple threats to its safety and security and that of its citizens. For example, disaster management authorities have emerged as specialised institutions primarily responsible for managing natural calamities such earthquakes, floods and pandemics. Apex committees have been created in Pakistan both at t...