Are rollercoasters getting more dangerous? Experts weigh in after Six Flags fatality

A horror rollercoaster accident that left a man dead has reignited fears over the safety of thrill rides.Hassan Jihad Ibn Kariem, 42, was killed after being thrown from a moving ride at Six Flags in Georgia, US, and found beneath the attraction by emergency crews.The incident follows a series of recent safety concerns across the theme park industry, including allegations that another Six Flags coaster left riders with brain injuries.So, are rollercoasters becoming more dangerous, or are fatal accidents still extraordinarily rare?According to Professor Doug Perovic, a forensic engineering expert from the University of Toronto, there's no need to worry.Professor Perovic told the Daily Mail: 'This is a really unusual event.' A man has died after falling from a moving rollercoaster at a Six Flags theme park in Georgia, USA (pictured)The fatal incident at Six Flags Over Georgia occurred on Monday, just before 4pm local time, according to the Cobb County Police Department.The ride in question hasn't been officially identified, but footage taken by local news helicopters showed the ride Goliath apparently stopped midway.Likewise, multiple witnesses confirmed that Goliath was the ride where the fatal incident occurred.Cobb County Police Department said in a statement on Tuesday: 'Officers working at the park responded to an incident involving a male guest on a rollercoaster.'Preliminary information gathered through witness and employee interview indicates Kariem was ejected from the ride and struck other patrons before falling beneath the attraction.' In response, Six Flags has temporarily closed nine rollercoasters across the US and Canada as a precaution.According to Professor Perovic, the most likely cause of the accident was a failure in the restraint system.The Goliath ride, which Professor Perovic has ridden himself many times, uses a single restraint with no secondary or redundant safety features. The man, identified as 42-year-old Hassasn Jihad Ibn Kariem (pictured), was found dead beneath the ride after being ejected from his seat and hitting other riders, according to the policeThat means if something goes wrong with the restraint, it could lead to the rider being ejected.As for what caused that specific failure, Professor Perovic says there are a few possible reasons.The first option is that there is a design flaw with Goliath itself - but this isn't likely since a serious issue would have led to many more incidents over the years.Likewise, Professor Perovic isn't convinced that an operator error would have caused an isolated incident in one single chair.The more likely causes are a manufacturing error that led to a failure in that specific chair, an inspection error that allowed malfunctioning parts to stay in use, or something that Mr Ibn Kariem did while riding.Six Flags hasn't yet released an initial investigation, but one or some combination of these factors is the most likely reason for a single restraint failing.However, Professor Perovic insists that this is a 'very very rare' incident that isn't reflective of a wider trend in rollercoaster safety.'Rollercoasters are safe,' he said. 'The systems in place, starting from design and manufacturing, are well made, and the inspection and maintenance are done on a routine, regular basis. Experts believe the fatal incident was triggered by a failure in the restraint system aboard the rollercoaster. Pictured: Guests are escorted off the closed rollercoaster The ride in question hasn't been officially identified, but footage taken by local news helicopters showed the ride Goliath (pictured) apparently stopped midway'If you're asking me personally if I would go on [the ride] or take my sons on, yes. There's always some risk in the things we do, but the risks in this case are so, so small.'According to the Doan Law Firm, which tracks injuries at amusement parks, this incident is one of several deaths at Six Flags Over Georgia.Two occurred when guests had medical emergencies, two died in car-related incidents, one died months after using the park's pool, and two were struck by rides after entering restricted areas.In one case, 45-year-old Michael Corry lost consciousness after riding Goliath and died of an apparent heart attack.An autopsy identified a congenital heart condition, and the coaster reopened after workers determined it was operating properly.Deaths directly caused by malfunctioning or unsafe rollercoasters are extremely rare but they are not unheard of.The Six Flags Entertainment Corporation is the largest theme park operator in North America by number of locations, with 20 amusement parks, 14 water parks and nine resorts across Canada, the US and Mexico.Over the last 15 years, two deaths related to falling from the company's rollercoasters have led to lawsuits and settlements.In one 2011 case, an Iraq war veteran was ejected from a ride in New York and hit his head on another car.Then in 2013, a woman slipped from the restraints of a rollercoaster in Texas and was killed after falling 75ft (23m). This comes after Six Flags Magic Mountain was forced to close its popular X2 rollercoaster after a report linked the ride to more than a dozen severe injuries Christopher Hawley (centre) died in June 2022, the day after visiting the park and riding the X2 rollercoasterHowever, statistically, rollercoasters have generally proven to be extremely safe over the last few decades.Despite around 300 million people riding rollercoasters each year in the US alone, injuries and fatalities are exceptionally uncommon.A 2013 study found that 4,423 children in the US went to the emergency room each year between 1990 and 2010 for treatment of injuries 'resulting from amusement park rides'.Common injuries were to the head and neck, usually caused when the child fell off, onto or against a ride.But these injuries tend to be minor, and deaths usually occur as isolated cases, rather than being caused by unsafe rides.Likewise, hospitalisation rates for rollercoasters are low, sitting at just 1.5 per cent annually, with an average of 4.5 deaths per year.However, ejections aren't the only possible source of danger, and even coasters that are working perfectly well can cause fatal injuries if they are too extreme.A 2005 study found that there were 39 deaths associated with rollercoasters in the US between 1994 and 2004, 15 of which were caused by bleeding of the brain or cardiac problems. Scientists have found that the forces created by most rollercoasters are lower than those exerted by football headers, but X2's unique design created a much greater impactOn July 12, Six Flags permanently closed its X2 ride a day after the second of two catastrophic brain-injury incidents that occurred less than a week apart.It later emerged that these incidents were just the latest in a string of life-changing and fatal brain injuries related to the ride.Studies suggest that the forces exerted by a typical rollercoaster are generally not sufficient to cause brain trauma.According to one 2017 study, rollercoasters lead to brain strains smaller than mild football headers and comparable to the forces exerted while running.However, X2's 'four–dimensional' design makes it significantly tougher on riders' bodies.In addition to reaching a top speed of 76mph (120km/h) and featuring a 215ft (65m) drop, the seats also rotate independently.During two so-called 'raven turns', the carriages spin upside down while looping, sending the riders backwards into sheer drops.Experts now believe that the rollercoaster's design pushed the human body beyond safe limits, leading to extremely rapid acceleration in the brain.As the brain accelerates within the skull, this creates 'very rapid deformations in the brain, which can lead to diffuse axonal injury, tissue tears, and vascular disruptions'. Studies show that the peak velocity exerted on the brain by a rollercoaster is comparable to sprinting and less than a header, but exceptionally dangerous rides like X2 require further investigation Professor Perovic suggests this extreme design may have arisen as 'coaster manufacturers continue to try to one-up each other with faster, higher designs'.He adds that X2's intense G-force generating turns 'appear to have gone over the limit'.'People have a duty to find out whether they are medically safe to ride a coaster, but when it comes to that level of brain injury, that's not something you as an individual can control.'The question now is whether there should be regulations on rollercoasters just like we have with speeds on motorways.'A spkesperson from Six Flags Over Georgia told the Daily Mail: 'The safety of our guests and associates is our highest priority. 'While we are unable to comment on specifics related to the incident or currently closed rides at this time, we are committed to rigorous ride inspection, maintenance and safety procedures that meet or exceed industry standards.'